The review of literature presents the contemporary neurophysiological methods of study of pain syndromes in the maxillofacial area (MFA). The authors showed that clinical/neurophysiological features of different variants of chronic headache, the functional state of afferents systems and mechanisms of afferent-efferent interactions in different kinds of chronic headache are been intensively explored. The neurophysiological studies of trigeminal system in the pathogenesis of the pain syndromes have been analyzed as well. Current neurophysiological methods and techniques for estimation of the functional MFA innervation may be used for the diagnosis of different kinds of maxillofacial pain, specification of pathogenetic mechanisms, development of treatment tactics and estimation of treatment efficacy.