Based on the examination and treatment of 120 patients with tuberculous meningoencephalitis (TM) in the later stages of HIV infection, the differences between these patients and patients without HIV infection were found. HIV-infected patients with TM had a more acute disease onset, more clinical symptoms of encephalitis confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, more frequent presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the cerebrospinal fluid and higher level of resistance to tuberculosis drugs. The morphologic study demonstrated the domination of necrotic and exudative reactions over productive inflammation with destructive abscess-type lesions in the brain matter. The mortality was more than 2 times higher than that in the control group.