We have examined 89 newborns with perinatal CNS lesions due to critical states at birth. Disturbances of vital functions of the organism developed as a result of severe posthypoxia states at birth that exert a significant effect on patient’s quality of life in the following age periods, including the formation of «rough» polyorganic injuries, have been studied. Therefore, the adequate treatment of post-critical states in the neonatal period demands understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms of their development that has formed the basis for using peptide drugs with neuroprotective effect, in particular, cortexin.