A comprehensive study of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid

Minochkin A.K.; Lobzin V.Yu.; Emelin A.Yu.; Kopteva Yu.P.; Klitsenko O.A.; Apalko S.V.; Sherbak S.G.

doi:https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202512504243

OBJECTIVE

To determine, evaluate, and analyze the diagnostic value of various laboratory biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The concentrations of 93 potential biomarkers in plasma and CSF were studied in patients with AD at various stages (n=53) and independently in the group at the predementia stage (n=15).

RESULTS

Statistically significant correlations of various directions (p≤0.05) were found between the coefficients characterizing the amyloidosis and neurodegeneration (Aβ-42/Aβ-40, phTau181/Aβ-42, phTau181/oTau, oTau/Aβ-42) with markers associated with neuroinflammation, vascular disorders, angiogenesis, neuroimaging changes, and neuropsychological indicators. Previous studies of markers associated with inflammation in CSF in AD patients have shown mixed results, and no markers have been introduced into clinical practice so far. Many biomarkers associated with two classical pathogenetic links and other pathophysiological processes have been identified.

CONCLUSION

Coefficients reflecting two main pathogenetic processes in CSF of AD patients (Aβ-42/Aβ-40, phTau181/Aβ-42, phTau181/oTau, oTau/Aβ-42) are the most informative for verifying two main links in the disease pathogenesis—amyloidogenesis and neurodegeneration. In the group of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), statistically significant relationships of cytokines associated with neuroinflammation, growth factors, and complement system protein with coefficients of amyloidosis and neurodegeneration in CSF, as well as PET, MRI, and neuropsychological tests were shown; therefore, these indicators can also be considered as potential diagnostic biomarkers of early stages and possible predictors of MCI conversion to dementia. Such markers as GFAP, apolipoprotein A1, GDF-15, IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17, VEGF, and complement C3 should be considered as objects for further research as biomarkers for early diagnosis.

Keywords:

biomarkers

Alzheimer’s disease

neurodegeneration

neuroinflammation

vascular growth factors

Authors:

Minochkin A.K.

Saint Petersburg City Hospital No. 40;
Saint Petersburg State University

ORCID: 0000-0002-1190-0886

Lobzin V.Yu.

Saint Petersburg State University;
S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy

ORCID: 0000-0003-3109-8795

Emelin A.Yu.

Saint Petersburg State University;
S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy

ORCID: 0000-0002-4723-802X

Kopteva Yu.P.

Saint Petersburg City Hospital No. 40;
Saint Petersburg State University

ORCID: 0009-0001-1223-0255

Klitsenko O.A.

Saint Petersburg City Hospital No. 40

ORCID: 0000-0002-2686-8786

Apalko S.V.

Saint Petersburg City Hospital No. 40

ORCID: 0000-0002-3853-4185

Sherbak S.G.

Saint Petersburg City Hospital No. 40;
Saint Petersburg State University

ORCID: 0000-0001-5036-1259

Received:

28.01.2025

Accepted:

31.01.2025

Close metadata

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