The impairment of the nervous system is the main clinical presentation of chronic Lyme borreliosis. Frequency and characteristics of neuroborreliosis in Russia are still under-investigated. The article contains the analysis of 160 cases of chronic Lyme borreliosis with detailed descriptions of different neurologic syndromes - radiculopathy, polyneuropathy, encephalopathy and encephalomyelitis. Epidemiology of this disease as well as its laboratory and instrumental diagnosis are discussed. Extraneural signs and symptoms of late stages of neuroborreliosis are presented. The results of antibacterial treatment of different forms of chronic neuroborreliosis are outlined.