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Биомаркеры механизмов старения

Биомаркеры механизмов старения

Авторы:
Амирова Т.О.,
Москалев А.А.

Журнал: Вопросы курортологии, физиотерапии и лечебной физической культуры. 2025;102(5-2):108-119.

DOI: 10.17116/kurort2025102052108

Прочитано: 2865 раз

Резюме

ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

Систематизация современных знаний о биомаркерах основных механизмов старения, их референтных и целевых значениях для практического применения в медицине долголетия.

МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ

Проведен анализ научной литературы по 14 ключевым механизмам старения согласно современной геронтологической концепции, включающей геномную нестабильность, укорочение теломер, эпигенетические изменения, нарушение протеостаза, макроаутофагии, сенсинга питательных веществ, митохондриальную дисфункцию, клеточное старение, истощение стволовых клеток, нарушение межклеточной коммуникации, хроническое воспаление, дисбиоз микробиома, изменения внеклеточного матрикса и барьерных функций, а также циркадных ритмов.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

Представлена комплексная система из более чем 30 биомаркеров с детализированными референтными и целевыми значениями. Ключевые биомаркеры включают: 8-OHdG в моче (целевые значения <5,0 нг/мг креатинина), длину теломер лейкоцитов (>6000 пар нуклеотидов), N7-метилгуанин (<6—7 мкг/г креатинина), дитирозин (≤10—12 мкмоль/моль креатинина), p62 и Beclin-1 для оценки аутофагии, HOMA-IR (<1,5), IGF-1 (100—150 нг/мл), митохондриальные маркеры, сенесценция-ассоциированную β-галактозидазу (<3% позитивных клеток), воспалительные цитокины, микробиом-ассоциированные маркеры и циркадные биомаркеры.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

Разработанная панель биомаркеров, представляющая собой научно обоснованную основу для персонализированной оценки скорости старения и коррекции возраст-ассоциированных изменений, требует регулярного мониторинга каждые 3—6 мес для эффективной интерпретации динамики показателей.

Ключевые слова

  • биомаркеры старения
  • геномная нестабильность
  • теломеры
  • эпигенетика
  • протеостаз
  • аутофагия
  • митохондриальная дисфункция
  • клеточное старение
  • стволовые клетки
  • воспаление
  • микробиом
  • циркадные ритмы
  • медицина долголетия
  • биологический возраст
  • превентивная медицина
  • сенесценция
  • окислительный стресс
  • межклеточная коммуникация
  • внеклеточный матрикс

Дата поступления: 22.10.2025

Дата принятия в печать: 31.10.2025

Дата публикации: 12.12.2025

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