The objective of the present work was to study peculiarities of the neurological, ororhinolaryngological status of the children presenting with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) as well as their clinical and polysomnographic (PSG) sleep characteristics. A total of 15 children at the age from 6 to 9 years with OSAS confirmed by the PSG study were included in the investigation. All the children suffered nasal obstruction of different etiology and non-specific neurological complaints of transient headache, emotional lability, impaired memory, enhanced fatigue, and poor attention; these conditions were responsible for school desadaptation. All the patients underwent dyssomnic events. The polysomnographic study revealed the disordered sleep structure manifested as the shortened drowsiness phase, lengthened latent period of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and its reduced representation in the overall sleep cycle, enhanced duration of delta-sleep. The sleep alertness time also increased alongside with a rise in the number of activations on the sleep electroencephalograms by virtue of increased respiratory efforts. A characteristic feature of the children presenting with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was vegetative disorder during sleep associated with a rise in the number of tachycardia episodes. The results of this study facilitate the understanding of certain pathogenetic aspects of neurological problems in the children suffering respiratory tract obstruction and OSAS and outline the problems awaiting further investigations.