The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Trufanov S.V.

Nashe Zdorovye Clinic, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
National Institute of Myopia, Moscow, Russia;
Fact Clinic, Pyatigorsk, Russia

Riks I.A.

Nashe Zdorovye Clinic, Saint Petersburg, Russia;
National Institute of Myopia, Moscow, Russia;
Fact Clinic, Pyatigorsk, Russia

Artificial tears and immunosuppressive therapy for immune-mediated disorders of the ocular surface

Authors:

Trufanov S.V., Riks I.A.

More about the authors

Journal: Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2026;142(2): 64‑70

Read: 366 times


To cite this article:

Trufanov SV, Riks IA. Artificial tears and immunosuppressive therapy for immune-mediated disorders of the ocular surface. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2026;142(2):64‑70. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma202614202164

Recommended articles:
Microbiota of the ocular surface in children with myopia. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2025;(3):5-12
Meibomian gland dysfunction in Salzmann’s nodu­lar dege­neration. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2025;(6):35-42
Tolosa—Hunt syndrome. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2025;(6):114-118
Dry eye disease in young and middle-aged adults. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2026;(1):112-122
Noci­ceptive and neuropathic pain: impact of the ocular surface. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2026;(2):107-114
Changes in diagnosis-related group payment model in the Russian Fede­ration in 2025. Medi­cal Technologies. Asse­ssment and Choice. 2025;(2):18-30

References:

  1. Mannis MJ, Holland EJ. Cornea: fundamentals, diagnosis, and management. Fifth edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2022 
  2. Trufanov SV, Riks IA. Kon"yunktivity. Spb.: E`ko-Vektor Aj-Pi; 2023. (In Russ.).
  3. Jones L, Craig JP, Markoulli M, Karpecki P, Akpek EK, Basu S, Bitton E, Chen W, Dhaliwal DK, Dogru M, Gomes JAP, Koehler M, Mehta JS, Perez VL, Stapleton F, Sullivan DA, Tauber J, Tong L, Travé-Huarte S, Wolffsohn JS; TFOS Collaborator Group. TFOS DEWS III: Management and Therapy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2025 Nov;279:289-386.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2025.05.039
  4. Haddad EM, McAlister VC, Renouf E, Malthaner R, Kjaer MS, Gluud LL. Cyclosporin versus tacrolimus for liver transplanted patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006:CD005161. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005161.pub2
  5. Nussenblat RB, Palestine AG. Cyclosporine: immunology, pharmacology and therapeutic uses. Surv Ophthalmol. 1986;31:159-169.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6257(86)90035-4
  6. Belin MW, Bouchard CS, Phillips TM. Update on topical cyclosporin A: background, immunology, and pharmacology. Cornea. 1990;9:184-195. 
  7. Williams DL. A comparative approach to topical cyclosporin therapy. Eye. 1997;11:453-464.  https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1997.126
  8. De Smet MD, Nussenblat RB. Clinical use of cyclosporine in ocular disease. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1993;33:31-45.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00004397-199303340-00005
  9. Liu J. FK506 and cyclosporin, molecular probes for studying intracellular signal transduction. Immunol Today. 1993;14:290-295.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(93)90048-P
  10. Ambroziak AM, Szaflik J, Szaflik JP, Ambroziak M, Witkiewicz J, Skopinski P. Immunomodulation on the ocular surface: a review. Cent Eur J Immunol. 2016;41(2):195-20008. https://doi.org/10.5114/ceji.2016.60995
  11. The definition and classification of dry eye disease: Report of The Definition and Classification Subcommittee of The International Dry Eye Workshop (2007). Ocul Surf. 2007; 5(2):75-92.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70081-2
  12. Holland EJ, Olsen TW, Ketcham JM, et al. Topical cyclosporin A in the treatment of anterior segment inflammatory disease. Cornea. 1993;12:413-419.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00003226-199309000-00008
  13. Lallemand F, Furrer P, Felt-Baeyens O, Gex-Fabry M, Dumont JM, Besseghir K, et al. A novel water-soluble cyclosporine A prodrug: ocular tolerance and in vivo kinetics. Int J Pharm. 2005;295:7-14.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.12.015
  14. Leonardi A, Van Setten G, Amrane M, et al. Efficacy and safety of 0.1% cyclosporine A cationic emulsion in the treatment of severe dry eye disease: a multicenter randomized trial. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2016;26:287-296.  https://doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000779
  15. Hoy SM. Ciclosporin ophthalmic emulsion 0.1%: a review in severe dry eye disease. Drugs. 2017 Nov;77(17):1909-1916. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-017-0834-x
  16. Boboridis KG, Konstas AGP. Evaluating the novel application of cyclosporine 0.1% in ocular surface disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018;19: 1027-1039. https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2018.1479742
  17. Pisella PJ, Labetoulle M, Doan S, Cochener-Lamard B, Amrane M, Ismail D, et al. Topical ocular 0.1% cyclosporine A cationic emulsion in dry eye disease patients with severe keratitis: experience through the French early-access program. Clin Ophthalmol. 2018;12:289- 299.  https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S150957
  18. Acheampong AA, Shackleton M, Tang-Liu DD, Ding S, Stern ME, Decker R. Distribution of cyclosporin A in ocular tissues after topical administration to albino rabbits and beagle dogs. Curr Eye Res. 1999 Feb;18(2):91-103.  https://doi.org/10.1076/ceyr.18.2.91.5381
  19. Daull P, Paterson CA, Kuppermann BD, Garrigue JS. A preliminary evaluation of dexamethasone palmitate emulsion: a novel intravitreal sustained delivery of corticosteroid for treatment of macular edema. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Mar;29(2):258-269.  https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2012.0044
  20. Liang H, Kessal K, Rabut G, Daull P, Garrigue JS, Melik Parsadaniantz S, Docquier M, Baudouin C, Brignole-Baudouin F. Correlation of clinical symptoms and signs with conjunctival gene expression in primary Sjögren syndrome dry eye patients. Ocul Surf. 2019 Jul;17(3):516-525.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2019.03.005
  21. Sall K, Stevenson OD, Mundorf TK, Reis BL. Two multicenter, randomized studies of the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion in moderate to severe dry eye disease. CsA Phase 3 Study Group. Ophthalmology. 2000 Apr;107(4):631-9.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(99)00176-1
  22. Alrashidi SH. Topical Tacrolimus in Anterior Segment Disorders in Ophthalmology: A Review. Rom J Ophthalmol. 2024 Apr-Jun;68(2):92-98.  https://doi.org/10.22336/rjo.2024.19
  23. Recieved 17.02.2026 

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.