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Chudakov A.Yu.

St. Petersburg Military Order of Zhukov Institute of national guard troops of the Russian Federation

Bozhchenko A.P.

S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy

Khrustaleva Yu.A.

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov

Tolmachev I.A.

Kirov Military Medical Academy

Gayvoronskaya V.V.

Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Diagnostic criteria of death cause from low temperature in air and water established by traditional expert examination methods

Authors:

Chudakov A.Yu., Bozhchenko A.P., Khrustaleva Yu.A., Tolmachev I.A., Gayvoronskaya V.V.

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Journal: Forensic Medical Expertise. 2024;67(3): 29‑33

DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20246703129

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To cite this article:

Chudakov AYu, Bozhchenko AP, Khrustaleva YuA, Tolmachev IA, Gayvoronskaya VV. Diagnostic criteria of death cause from low temperature in air and water established by traditional expert examination methods. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2024;67(3):29‑33. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20246703129

Подписка 2025 (Forensic Medical Expertise)
 
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Death from general hypothermia is one of the leading causes in the structure of violent death in the Russian Federation.

OBJECTIVE

To clarify and supplement the complex of differential diagnostic macro- and microscopic signs of a fatal acute general cold trauma received when person is in the air and water.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The conclusions of forensic medical experts on the bodies of people who died from hypothermia in the air and in water (by 150 observations) were analyzed. Methods of descriptive statistics, calculation of the frequency ratio of signs’ occurrence were used.

RESULTS

The article provides quantitative assessment of occurrence (detection) rate of diagnostically significant signs established with the help of traditional methods of expert examination. A new classification of diagnostic death signs from hypothermia taking into account their differential diagnostic significance and reflecting the conditions of a person’s stay in the air and water in the pre-mortem and post-mortem periods, as well as terminal period mechanisms is proposed.

CONCLUSION

The established complexes of signs provide an objective basis for determining death cause in non-obvious conditions when cold exposure is expected to be one of the most damaging factors.

Keywords:

accidental hypothermia
immersion hypothermia
hypothermia
forensic medical examination
cold trauma

Authors:

Chudakov A.Yu.

St. Petersburg Military Order of Zhukov Institute of national guard troops of the Russian Federation

Bozhchenko A.P.

S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy

Khrustaleva Yu.A.

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov

Tolmachev I.A.

Kirov Military Medical Academy

Gayvoronskaya V.V.

Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Received:

20.09.2023

Accepted:

08.10.2023

List of references:

  1. Kovalev AV, Zabrodsky YaD, Samokhodskaya OV. Dynamics of fatal injuries in Russian Federation from 2003 to 2019. Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertisa. 2021;64(4):4-12. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed2021640414
  2. Bozhchenko AP, Isakov VD, Yagmurov OD, Yakovenko OO, Nazarov YuV, Gugnin IV. Comparative analysis of the volume and structure of non-violent death in St. Petersburg and Novgorod region over the past 5 years. Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertisa. 2022;65(3):10-14. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20226503110
  3. Desyatov VP. Smert ot obshchego pereohlazhdeniya organizma: Dis. ... d-ra med. nauk. Tomsk. 1969. (In Russ.).
  4. Shigeev VB, Shigeev SV, Koludarova EM. Holodovaya smert. M. 2004. (In Russ.).
  5. Poletaeva AA, Maksimov AV. Izuchenie morfologicheskih priznakov obshchego pereohlazhdeniya: obzor literatury i perspektivy issledovaniya. Izbrannye voprosy sudebno-medicinskoj ekspertizy. 2022;21:92-100. (In Russ.).
  6. Chudakov AYu. Sudebno-medicinskaya i fiziologicheskaya harakteristika ostroj obshchej glubokoj akcidentalnoj gipotermii: Dis. ... kand. med. nauk. SPb.: VMedA; 1997. (In Russ.).
  7. Chudakov AYu, Isakov VD, Doronin YuG. Ostroe obshchee pereohlazhdenie v vode. SPb.: VMedA im. S.M. Kirova; 1999. (In Russ.).
  8. Chudakov AYu, Bozhchenko AP, Khrustaleva YuA, Tolmachev IA. Morphological signs of fatal acute general cold injury in the air. Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine. 2022;3:47-55. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17816/fm742
  9. Abrikosov AI. Tekhnika patologoanatomicheskih vskrytij trupov. 4-e izd. M. 1948. (In Russ.).
  10. Smyslova AM. K voprosu o raspoznavanii smerti ot zamerzaniya: mikroskopicheskie izmeneniya v legkih pri dejstvii nizkoj temperatury. SPb. 1909. (In Russ.).
  11. Osminkin VA. Patomorfologiya legkih pri smerti ot pereohlazhdeniya na vozduhe: Dis. ... kand. med. nauk. L.: VMedA; 1988. (In Russ.).

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