Uterine myoma is one of the most common tumors of the female genital tract. The tumor is most frequently diagnosed at a young age; at the same time there is a tendency to plan pregnancy in the later reproductive period, which leads investigators to focus attention on just that age group category. Although many molecular genetic determinants of the occurrence of this disease have been currently identified, its etiology and pathophysiology remain inadequately studied and the results of surgical treatment are low-satisfactory: a recurrence after myomectomy is observed in every three patients. The review analyzes the latest publications containing information on the specific features of the course of the disease in patients of early reproductive age.