Objective. To analyze the specific features of an infectious and inflammatory process during an exacerbation of chronic inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages in relation to the presence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the history. Subject and methods. The pathohistological parameters of endometrial inflammatory lesion versus the pattern of microbial contamination of the genital tract were studied in 50 women with an exacerbation of chronic endometritis/salpingo-oophoritis who had a history of STIs. The findings were compared with the results of examination of the similar group of patients (n=71) without evidence for prior STIs. All the patients included in the study underwent treatment and clinical laboratory examination in conformity with the current federal standard. Results. The prior STIs in the women with an exacerbation of chronic endometritis/salpingo-oophoritis were ascertained to lead to reductions in the rate of cervical canal infection with Staphylococcus aureus and in endometrial macrophage infiltration and to a concomitant increase in sclerotic processes in the upper genital tract. Conclusion. The relative increase in the duration of chronic inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages is associated with the presence of STIs in the history of these women. This favors the development of sclerotic processes in the upper genital tract with a concomitant increase in the risk of infertility. The simultaneously observed reductions in the rate of cervical canal infection with Staphylococcus aureus and in endometrial macrophage infiltration have no impact on the severity of clinical symptoms of an exacerbation of chronic inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages.