This multicenter retrospective study presents the experience of 40 Russia's leading urology and gynecology hospitals that operated on 4867 female patients with stress urinary incontinence in 2001 to 2011. Data on 4160 patients were retrospectively analyzed 1 month postoperatively. Surgery was performed implanting a tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) via the retropubic approach in 535 (12.8%) patients or through obturator foramens (TVT-Obturator) in 3329 (80%). A year after surgery, almost 94.5% of the patients showed a negative cough test; however, only 77% of the women were completely satisfied with the results of surgery. The incidence of intra- and postoperative complications was 3.8 and 11%, respectively. The longest postoperative follow-up was 120 months (mean 27.6 months). The given preliminary results of the multicenter study suggest the efficiency of treating patients with stress urinary incontinence with TVT surgery. This study should be continued to minimize the risk of intra- and postoperative complications and to achieve optimal results.