Clinical and laboratory studies, examination of iron kinetics, neutrophil oxidative metabolic function and the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were used to investigate the clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of iron-deficiency anemic states (IDAS) in 53 women with endometrial hyperplastic processes and inflammatory diseases of internal genital organs (IDIGO) (a study group) and in 69 patients with IDAS and hyperpolymenorrhea without IDIGO. The same investigation was made in 25 non-anemic patients with the verified diagnosis of IDIGO. A control group included 25 healthy women. It was established that in the study group patients, anemia was of not only iron-deficiency genesis, but also of erythropoietin-deficiency genesis; the oxidative metabolic function of neutrophils and the blood levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were lower than those in non-anemic patients with IDIGO; there was a rise in the serum level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 as the anemia became severer.