According to the results of the Russian epidemiological study (NATION), the actual number of patients with DM in the Russian Federation is currently at least 9 million people and about 54% of them need orthopedic dental care. During prosthetics with fixed structures, the task of studying the spectrum of microorganisms of the oral cavity of patients with DM becomes urgent to develop measures to prevent complications associated with their impact on oral homeostasis.
THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
Optimization of the choice of the method of orthopedic correction of patients with type II diabetes in order to reduce the risk of inflammatory complications in the postoperative period, taking into account the peculiarities of the dynamics of the microbiota of the oral cavity in the process of orthopedic correction.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In the main group, prosthetics on dental implants were performed on 41 patients with type II diabetes mellitus using navigation surgical templates according to a patented method (patent No. 2794843 of 1.08.22) on 4 or 6 dental implants. In the control group, dental implantation was performed by the traditional method with peeling of the muco-periosteal flaps and suturing, using the Malo template [11]. Biomaterial samples were taken from the gum mucosa in the area of dental implants in the main and control groups before surgery (as the initial state of the oral microbiota), on the 3rd day, 10th day and 1 month after surgery.
RESULTS
It was found that in the main group there was a decrease in the proportion of normal oral microbiota by 35.7%, and an increase in the proportion of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microbiota by 71.5% compared to the baseline values. At the same time, by the 10th day after the installation of dental implants, the composition of the microbiota practically returned to the initial level, and 1 month after the operation, the proportion of normal microbiota was 1.2% higher than the initial level. In patients of the control group, the proportion of normal microbiota in the structure of seeded microorganisms decreased by 2.9 times before the 10th day after surgery compared to the baseline values, and a month after surgery it remained below the baseline level by 6.2%.
CONCLUSION
The new dental method, which does not provide for additional traumatization of the oral cavity, in comparison with the traditional method, has less effect on the nature of the oral microbiota in patients with diabetes mellitus, which indirectly reduces the risks of inflammatory complications and the development of fungal infection, improving the prognosis of reparative processes during dental implantation
