During the past 20 year, the researchers have reported the increasingly higher frequency of pronounced defects in the alveolar processes of the maxillae and the mandibles in the general population attributable to the tooth loss. These conditions pose a serious challenge for surgical and orthopedic stomatology that requires the improvement of the existing technologies and the development of the new ones to be met. Moreover, the problem of rehabilitation of the patients experiencing deficit of the bone tissue arises. Aim. The objective of the present study was to enhance the effectiveness of dental implantation for the patients experiencing deficit of the bone tissue in the jaws based on the differential choice of the proper osteoplastic materials taking into consideration the type of the bone tissue in a given patient. Material and methods. A total of 80 patients presenting with the partially absent dentition and atrophy of the alveolar process of the upper jaw and the alveolar part of the mandible were examined and treated during the period from 2012 to 2015 based at the Department of Anesthesiology in Stomatology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical Stomatological University. The «Gen-Os» osteoplastic material is available in the form of the granules possessed of the osteoconductive properties. «Apatos» is a nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite of a heterogeneous origin. The resorbable «Evolution» membrane is characterized by the high strength that allows it to be optimally adapted to both soft and bone tissues. Results. The control X-ray studies and the analysis of the histological preparations prepared after the surgical interventions for bone augmentation have demonstrated that the bone regenerate thus obtained was characterized by heterogeneous roentgenological density (as evaluated based on the Hounsfield scale) that differed from basal bone density of a given patient. Morphologically, the bone regenerate was actually identical with a remodeled bone which suggested the dependence of its quality not only on the characteristics of the osteoplastic material being used but also on the type of the patient’s own bone tissue. Conclusion. The results of the study give reason to recommend choosing the osteoplastic materials taking into consideration the type of the bone tissue of a given patient. The collagen-containing materials should be preferred for the patients with type 1 bone tissue. The materials based on hydroxyapatite and collagen are equally suitable for the patients having types 2 and 3 bone tissue. The best quality of the bone regenerate for the patients with type 4 bone tissue was obtained with the use of the hydroxyapatite-based osteoplastic materials.