Bone grafting is considered from the theoretical perspective of biotechnology. Modern bone injuries including high-energy trauma can require special osteoplastic treatment and combination with modern approaches, namely gene activation of bone regeneration. The authors present treatment of patients with maxillofacial bone damage and diaphyseal pseudarthrosis of a long tubular bone accompanied by osteogenic deficiency. Gene-activated bone plastic material is octacalcium phosphate granules with attached superficial plasmid DNA molecules and vascular endothelial growth factor gene (vegf165). This material together with high-quality surgery ensures a full-fledged wealthy bone regenerate via induction of local vascular growth and improvement of local oxygenation. The purpose of this report was to demonstrate clinical cases from the practice of maxillofacial surgery, traumatology and orthopedics, where biotechnological approach was effective for bone reconstruction.