Objective. To systematize the current concepts of the relationship between disturbances of bone metabolism and local imbalance of bone remodeling in the patients presenting with alveolar component (processes) atrophy at the site of the missing teeth. Material and methods. The present study included 60 women in postmenopause over a one-year period presenting with alveolar component (processes) atrophy at the site of the missing teeth. Architectonics of the bone tissue in the edentulous areas was studied with the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to measure mineral bone density in the axial and peripheral skeleton. The data thus obtained were compared with the results of laboratory investigations into bone tissue metabolism. Results. The densitometric study revealed lumbar spine osteopenia in 20 patients presenting with breadthwise atrophy of the alveolar component (processes) of the jaws. Osteoporosis was diagnosed for the first time in 20 other women with height-wise atrophy of the alveolar component (processes) of the jaws. CBCT demonstrated anomalous architectonics of the bone tissue in the atrophic region.