Objective. The use of the distraction osteogenesis technique for the reconstruction of the sufficient bone volume as a method of preimplantation preparation. Material and methods. A total of 220 patients with various defects in the alveolar component of the upper and lower jaw were treated in our clinic during a period from 2006 till 2013. 246 distraction apparatuses and 760 dental implants were inserted into the distracted space. The operations were planned on an individual basis with the use of the relevant computer software. The intra-tissue and extra-cortical distraction apparatuses were installed with the help of titanium screws to ensure their rigid fixation. Results. The work resulted in successful rehabilitation of adult patients presenting with complete or partial maxillary and mandibular adentia complicated by deficit of the bone tissue in the alveolar structures as a consequence of oncological surgery, injuries, and chronic destructive inflammatory processes. For subsequent dental implantation as a stage of rehabilitation of such patients, the distraction technique was used to augment the volume of bone tissue of the alveolar ridge in the upper and lower jaws. Conclusions. The distraction osteogenesis technique is one of the most efficacious methods with good prospects for the application in the reconstruction of the altered characteristics of the bone tissue. The use of distraction osteogenesis as a component of the combined treatment may be instrumental in the solution of many problems pertaining to the duration and effectiveness of the treatment of extensive defects or atrophy of the both tissue in the alveolar structures of the upper and lower jaws.