According to Russian and foreign authors, cleft lip and cleft palate (CLCP) occurs in 1—2 babies per 1,000 newborn infants. Before surgery this defect contributes to the entrance of food from the mouth to the nasal cavity on feeding, to the development of mixed breathing, and to the alteration of the oral and nasal microflora. All this leads to an increase in the prevalence of acute rhinitis, adenoiditis, and tonsillitis in this category of patients compared to those without maxillofacial pathology. After successful cheilorhinoplasty or uranoplasty during the first year of life, infants frequently develop cicatricial nasal vestibular stenosis and have pronounced nasal septal curvature, which cause narrow nasal passages, nasal breathing difficulty, and chronic vasomotor/hypertrophic rhinitis. Despite the fact that patients with CLCP have Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring pathology, to date there is no single concept of surgical treatment for these problems, which would take into account all the peculiarities of these patients. Thirty-five patients aged 3 to 8 years with CLCP were examined in the V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Research and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for Children, Moscow Healthcare Department. All the children were included into a study group. A control group consisted of 35 children of the same age without maxillofacial pathology. These investigations showed that second-third-degree adenoid hypertrophy was found in 10 (29%) children in the study group and in 16 (46%) patients in the control group. Second-third-degree palatine tonsil hypertrophy was diagnosed in 11 (32%) patients with CLCP and in 9 (26%) children without maxillofacial pathology. Four (11.4%) children in the study group and 5 (14.3%) in the control group who had second-degree pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy were observed to have partial or complete block of the pharyngeal orifices of the Eustachian tubes on both sides, which required surgical treatment. Endoscopic shaver adenoidectomy was carried out in children without maxillofacial pathology. To prevent velopharyngeal insufficiency, all the patients with CLCP underwent partial adenoidectomy, removing fragments of lymphoid tissue and preserving its bulk in the mid-nasopharynx. Fearing the development of velopharyngeal insufficiency during tonsillectomy, the authors recommend that lymphoid tissue of the enlarged palatine tonsils should be removed only in the lower poles. It follows that the surgical treatment of Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring pathology has its own characteristics in children with CLCP. When performing surgical treatment, it should be remembered that there are anatomical and physiological differences between patients with CLCP versus children without congenital maxillofacial pathology.