Iron plays a key role in maintaining metabolic processes, energy exchange, respiration, immunobiological and oxidation-reduction reactions. Deficiency of this micronutrient is the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide and a cause of anemia in a large part of the population. The risk group includes women, especially during pregnancy, children and the elderly. Reduced intake of another significant micronutrient, folic acid, burdens the already existing iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) or acts as an independent disease. Due to the high prevalence of iron deficiency and IDA, the problem of development and optimization of the most effective and safe treatment remains relevant. As a result of this, on 22 of March, 2023 yr. a round table conference «Modern view on the treatment of iron and folic acid deficiency» was held under the moderation of A.G. Malyavin with the participation of speakers, who are key experts in this sphere. During the round table, the issue of balance between effective treatment of iron deficiency condition and high tolerability of iron supplements was discussed, and effective ways of treatment were proposed. In this connection, such aspects as iron metabolism in the different conditions, criteria for the iron deficiency, folates and IDA diagnosis, are examined in detail in the present review. Special attention is paid to the issues of low-dose oral forms of iron supplements application for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency conditions, either with folate deficiency or without.