Currently, the pathology of the cardiovascular system (CVS) is the most common. Early detection of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular pathology, taking into account the gender characteristics of CVS adaptation to physical activity, and personalized prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is one of the effective strategies of modern medicine.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
To conduct a comparative assessment of the mechanisms of CVS adaptation (in particular to physical activity) in young men and women living in the Russian Federation, and to determine the most significant risk factors for the development of CVD.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The cohort study included 116 young volunteers and divided into 2 groups depending on gender (group 1 (n=56) — women, group 2 (n=60) — men). All participants non-invasively measured heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, height, body weight, waist and hip circumference. Then the value of the adaptive potential, body mass index (BMI), Kerdo index and the ratio of waist circumference and hip circumference were calculated. We collected information on risk factors (tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, eating disorders, lack of physical activity, lack of sleep and anxiety) using specially designed and standardized information materials (personal interviews using paper or online questionnaires). For statistical analysis, Student’s t-test, χ2 test, and correlation coefficient were used.
RESULTS
In 8.9% of cases, women were found to have impaired CVS adaptation. In men, this figure was 40.0%. An increase in BMI above the norm was noted in 10.7% of women and 30.0% of men, which is associated with a violation of their eating behavior and insufficient physical activity. Gender differences in the indicator of personal anxiety were revealed.
CONCLUSION
Violations of the mechanisms of adaptation of the cardiovascular system are less pronounced in young women. The most significant risk factors for reducing the adaptive reserves of the cardiovascular system in both groups were increased body weight and the level of anxiety. In women, an increase in body mass index negatively affects the adaptive capacity of the cardiovascular system with an increase in the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference and is associated with compensatory hyperactivation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
