Aim — to study the indices of carbohydrate metabolism in the subjects of the Russian Federation (RF) with different levels of cardiovascular mortality according to the clinical examination of certain groups of the adult population for 2017. Material and methods. According to the forms of approved statistical reporting, an analysis of the results of the clinical examination of certain groups of the adult population of the Russian Federation was carried out. Emphasis is placed on the methodology for assessing carbohydrate metabolism. A comparative analysis was carried out taking into account regional indices of cardiovascular mortality for 2017. Results. Total number of people who underwent dispanserisation n 2017, according to the data included in the analysis for 85 subjects of the country, amounted to 21.5 million: Men — 42%, women — 58%. In the whole of the Russian Federation, diabetes mellitus (DM) was diagnosed in 2.78% of the examined with statistically significant (almost by 3 times) fluctuations of the index from 1.0% in the North Caucasus Federal District to 3.3% in the North Western and Volga Federal Districts (p<0.001). An increased body mass index (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) was registered in 24.3% of patients, of which obesity was found in 5.79% of patients: with the lowest rates in the North Caucasus Federal District (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 — in 9.9% and obesity — in 3.38%) and the highest in the Ural Federal District (26.5% and 8.7%, respectively, p<0.001) There was a strong correlation between incidence of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia. A comparative assessment of the incidence of hyperglycemia, diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes in men and women in 10 regions of the Russian Federation with the highest and lowest cardiovascular mortality demonstrated a high incidence of hyperglycemia, diabetes in the regions with the highest cardiovascular mortality with lower rates of primary detection of diabetes and their coverage by dispensary observation. Conclusion. The obtained data on regional characteristics of the incidence of diabetes in the subjects of the Russian Federation may be used in the formation of preventive priorities at the regional level of the country.