Objective — to study the key nutrition and physical activity indicators in the subjects of the Russian Federation with different cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates according to the screening of some adult population groups. Material and Methods. The data available in the approved statistical reporting forms were used to analyze the results of screening in some adult population groups of our country. An emphasis is placed on the methodology of behavioral and, primarily nutrition-related, risk factors (RFs), such as unbalanced diet (UD) and low physical activity (LPA). These indicators were comparatively analyzed taking into account the 2016 regional CVD mortality rates. Results. Analysis of the available data for 85 subjects of the country showed that a total of 22.2 million people were screened in 2016. Males and females accounted for 42 and 58%, respectively. UDs in the whole Russian Federation were recorded in 27.6% of the examinees with a statistically significant (practically 3-fold) variation from 12.3% in the North Caucasus Federal District (FD) to 33.3% in the Siberian FD (χ2 =125.2; p<0.01). In Russia, there was overweight (body mass index (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) in 17.4% and LPA in 19% of the patients, with the lowest values in the North Caucasian FD (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and LPA both 9.7%) and high values in the Southern FD (23.2 and 26%, respectively; p<0.01 in both cases). A high correlation was found between mortality rates in a FD and the indicators of UDs and overweight with a BMI of at least 25 kg/m2 in all the persons who had undergone screening. The odds ratio for nutrition-related indicators in 10 subjects of the Russian Federation with the highest CVD mortality rates among men compared with that in 10 subjects with the lowest standardized CVD death rates was 1.5 for UDs and 1.9 for a BMI greater than 25 kg/m2. The relative risks are statistically insignificant in women. Conclusion. The findings of regional features and the found correlations between the pattern of nutrition, the rate of nutrition-related RFs, and mortality rates in the subjects of the Russian Federation can be used to prioritize prevention in the country’s regions.