Contemporary advances in reproductive medicine require validated experimental models that accurately reflect the key pathogenetic mechanisms underlying infertility. Research conducted under the leadership of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences L.V. Adamyan has laid the foundation for the development of translationally relevant in vitro and in vivo models applicable to the assessment of innovative therapeutic approaches, including cell-based and antifibrotic technologies. The findings presented highlight the potential of such models for the development of personalized strategies for the prevention and treatment of reproductive disorders. Despite the growing scientific interest in premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), the literature still lacks a universal, standardized, and highly reproducible experimental model capable of reliably reproducing the core pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease and possessing clear translational potential. Given the increasing prevalence of POI, there is an urgent need not only to further elucidate its etiopathogenesis but also to develop scientifically grounded and effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies. This article provides a systematic analysis of the role of psychoemotional stress in the pathogenesis of premature ovarian insufficiency, with a particular focus on experimental models. Clinical and experimental evidence is presented demonstrating that chronic psychological stress represents a significant modifiable risk factor for diminished ovarian reserve and impaired reproductive function. The main stress-induced POI models in rodents are discussed in detail, including chronic unpredictable mild stress, restraint stress, acoustic stress, and predator threat stress, along with their behavioral, hormonal, and morphological characteristics. The high translational relevance of these models is emphasized for the development of personalized preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving reproductive potential in women exposed to stress.