Excessive weight gain as a risk factor of gestational diabetes

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Objective — to study influence of excessive weight gain in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy on the risk of women’s gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) depending on initial body mass index (BMI). Material and methods. A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted with participation of 939 women with singletion pregnancy, ended with immediate delivery, without severe physical and infectious pathology. They were divided into 3 groups: with normal body weight (n=392), excessive weight (n=312) and obesity (n=235), 145 women’s pregnancy was complicated by GDM. Gestational weight gain and its influence on GDM risk was evaluated. Results. It was established that excessive weight and obesity are independent risk factors for GDM (RR=1.42 95% CI 1.24—1.80, OR=2.30 95% CI 1.46—3.63 and RR=2.85 95% CI 1.92—4.21, OR=3.45 95% CI 2.18—5.47). Excessive weight gain during the whole gestation period increases the risk of GDM in the group of normal (RR 3.21 95% CI 1.63—6.33 OR=3.65 95% CI 1.72—7.75) and excessive weight (RR=2.30 95% CI 1.28—4.11, OR=2.71 95% CI 1.37—5.33). Excessive weight gain in the first trimester is associated with twofold increased risk of GDM in groups with normal and excessive weight (RR=2.14 95% CI 1.14—4.10, OR=2.34 95% CI 1.12—4.88 and OR=1.65 95% CI 1.02—2.67, OR=1.85 95% CI 1.01—3.36). Conclusion. Thus, normalization of weight during preconception period as well as preventing of excessive weight gain during pregnancy can be a measure of GDM frequency reduction.

Keywords:

pregnancy

obesity

gestational body weight gain

gestational diabetes mellitus

Authors:

Chabanova N.B.

Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia

Vasilkova T.N.

Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia

Polyakova V.A.

Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia

Mataev S.I.

Мultiprofile medical center «Limfomed», Tyumen, Russia

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