Object. Lifetime study of the anatomical structure of the gastrocnemius veins using multispiral computed tomography (CT) venography. Subjects and methods. In the period of 2015—2018, a total of 400 people of both sexes with chronic venous diseases were examined using the developed procedure for multispiral CT venography. According to the international CEAP classification, the patients were allocated into: C0 (n=50 (12.5%)); C1 (n=58 (16.5%)); C2—C3 (n=173 (49.5%)), and 119 (34%) people had trophic disorders (C4—C6). Examinations were performed using a Philips Ingenuity 128-slice multispiral CT scanner (the Netherlands) with the IntelliSpace Portal Image Editing Software package (the Netherlands), followed by 3D image reconstruction. Results. The 400 extremities examined were found to have 5,870 gastrocnemius veins that were represented by single, paired, V- and Y-shaped trunks, with 96% of the cases being mixed. Analysis of the findings allowed identification of first-order great, second-order axial, and third-order terminal veins (16.6, 36.8, and 46.6%, respectively). The great, network, and mixed types of development of the venous tubing line were identified according to the division of the great and axial veins and the extent of terminal veins. The valvular apparatus was detected at the level of the first-order great veins in 100% of cases and at the level of the second-order veins in 86%. The valvular apparatus was poorly visualized in the third-order terminal veins. There were vast majority of communication connections of the gastrocnemius veins with saphenous tubing lines on the medial and posteromedial surfaces of the leg and via the perforating veins located there: with the oblique, intersaphenous, and posterior arch veins in 48, 23, and 57% of cases, respectively; i.e. these belonged to the medial gastrocnemius head (medial gastrocnemius perforator veins) group. The connection of the third-order gastrocnemius veins to the May perforator (intergemellar perforators veins) could be found to in 15% of cases. The gastrocnemius veins had a cylindrical shape in 82.3% of cases and fusiform ectasia of different length in 17.7%. Conclusion. The lifetime features of the anatomical structure of the gastrocnemius veins, which are established by multispiral CT venography, will assist vascular surgeons, phlebologists, radiologists, and ultrasound diagnostician in interpreting the data obtained. The established fact that there is variability in the shape of the gastrocnemius veins with the development of their ectasia in patients with varicose disease suggests that these veins are involved in the formation of anomalous segmental hypervolemia of the leg when chronic venous insufficiency develops and progresses.