The paper analyzes kidney cancer (KC) detection rates during prophylactic medical examination of the adult population of the Russian Federation in 2013. A total of 20.5 million people completed the examination. The proportion of people aged 21—36, 39—60, and over 60 years was 36.0, 42.0, and 22.0%, respectively. All the groups showed a predominance of women with their higher proportion in older age groups (55.0, 58.0, and 64.0%, respectively). The investigators identified the following risk factors of chronic non-communicable diseases, including cancer: unbalanced nutrition (23.5%), physical inactivity (19.7%), smoking (17.5%), overweight (obesity) (16.1%), a family history of chronic non-communicable diseases (12.2%), and alcohol abuse (1.5%). According to cancer statistics, 18 901 firstly diagnosed patients with KC were registered at a dispensary; among them 12.5% of the patients were actively identified. Stage I—II KC was established in 56.6% of cases. The prophylactic medical examination revealed 1185 patients with KC, who amounted to 5.9% of all firstly detected KC patients or 50.1% of the actively identified ones. Stage I—II KC was diagnosed in 59.3% of the cases.