The paper provides a literature review of the stages of development of lipofilling, a new promising area of reconstructive surgery, and lists the founders of this technique. It gives information on a new method of waterjet liposuction and subsequent fat transfer and on the role of stem cells in adipose tissue. The intensive clinical introduction of new apparatus technologies in liposuction and fat transfer and procedures for the separation, storage, and enrichment of adipose tissue with stem cells is shown to favor a wider use of autologous fat tissue in reconstructive and plastic surgery. The technique can partially replace synthetic implants and improve the aesthetic results of different types of reconstructive operations.