The cytotoxic necrotizing factor Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

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Cytotoxic necrotic factor Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (CNFY) is a 114 kDa toxin protein that is similar to CNF1, prevalent among pathogenic and saprophytic Escherichia coli isolates. In 2002 the CNF Y. pseudotuberculosis of YPIII strain (USA) was first described. Rho family small GTP-binding proteins (GTPases) are inactivated by CNFY, acting on eukaryotic cells of humans and mammals, which causes the formation of large multicore cells. Analysis of Y. pseudotuberculosis toxins isolated in Russia showed that the thermolabile toxin TLT described earlier was identified as identical to CNFY except for three amino acid substitutions. The TLT cytotoxic activity is similar to CNFY activity. Screening Y. pseudotuberculosis strains collection isolated during the outbreaks of Far East scarlet-like fever (FESLF) and in sporadic cases, from patients with pseudotuberculosis/FESLF, rodents and environmental objects in the Far East, Siberia and the North-West of the Russian Federation showed that most isolates carry the specific cnfY gene allele, encoding the inactive CNFY isoform. This allele contains a stop codon and two large deletions that block the production of a full-sized toxin. Interestingly, all isolates obtained from patients with FESLF, which is a severe form of pseudotuberculosis and endemic to the Far Eastern region, contain inactivated CNFY. Possible causes of CNFY inactivation in strains associated with Far Eastern scarlet-like fever are discussed.

Keywords:

protein

gene

toxin

cytotoxic necrotizing factor

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Far East scarlet-like fever

review

Authors:

Timchenko N.F.

Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, Russia, 690087

Psareva E.K.

Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, Russia, 690087;
Federal Research Center For Virology And Microbiology, Volginsky, Russia, 601125

Ermolaeva S.A.

Federal Research Center For Virology And Microbiology, Volginsky, Russia, 601125;
N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia, 123098

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