Lung cancer is a global medical and social problem due to high morbidity and mortality rates among patients with oncological pathology. The attention of researchers is focused on potential risk factors, effective diagnostic methods and the search for new therapy algorithms, as well as the development of effective measures for the prevention of this pathology. One of the urgent tasks is the systematization of clinical, imaging and laboratory data detected in patients with lung tumors to form risk groups, early detection of cancer and timely patient routing.
INTRODUCTION
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of death among cancer patients. The detectability of LC in the late stages determines the need for oncological alertness among specialists not only at the primary level, but also doctors of multidisciplinary non-oncological medical organizations. Early detection of LC can have an impact on improving the effectiveness of therapy and reducing the rate of adverse outcomes in patients with LC.
THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
To identify clinical and anamnestic and laboratory-instrumental indicators for lung cancer and to find out their dependence on the clinical stage of the disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective assessment of the complex of clinical and anamnestic data and the results of laboratory and instrumental studies was carried out in 163 patients with verified primary or metastatic tumor of the lung examined at the Moscow Yudin City Clinical Hospital for 2019—2023. For statistical analysis, the following tests were used: the Mann—Whitney U-test, the Kraskel—Wallis criterion, the Dunn criterion with the Hill correction, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, the ROC analysis method, the Euden index, the Pearson and Spearman correlation matrix method.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Clinical manifestations (general weakness, shortness of breath, impaired appetite), auscultative signs (wheezing, shortness of breath, weakened breathing on the affected side), imaging (X-ray) signs (presence of lesion/lesion(s) in the lung, lung atelectasis, hydrothorax), the most common in the studied group of patients with LC were established, changes in laboratory parameters (increased concentration of iron, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, creatinine, uric acid in blood serum, decrease in the concentration of total protein in the blood serum with the progression of the tumor process). Taking into account the research data and taking into account the available literature data, attention should be paid to the presence in the anamnesis of the influence of factors such as smoking, occupational hazards and a family history of LC (burdened heredity).
CONCLUSION
In our study, clinically significant determinants characteristic of the studied cohort of patients with LC were established. Clinical-anamnestic and laboratory-instrumental patterns are necessary for the oncological alertness among specialists of non-oncological medical organizations. The practical use of criteria that allow to suspect LC may probably affect its early detection and prompt routing of patients to oncological institutions for the timely initiation of therapy.
