«Catamenial dermatoses» is a relatively new term in dermatology, referring to cyclical skin diseases that either have manifestations exclusively during a particular phase of the menstrual cycle (MC) or are exacerbated during that period. Sex hormone receptors (estrogens, androgens, and progesterone) are present to varying degrees in the skin and immune system cells. Hormonal and general neuroendocrine effects alter cellular functions in different phases of MC. In the late follicular phase of MC, the predominance of estrogenic effects leads to the weakening of sebum production, improvement of the epidermal barrier, and enhancement of skin hydration, healing, and immunity. During the ovulation phase, the immune system is characterized by tolerogenic influences that help reduce inflammation. Progesterone dominates in the luteal phase, and sebum production and skin barrier properties are reduced. In the late luteal and early follicular phases, when estrogen and progesterone levels become low, the effects of testosterone increase, stimulating sebaceous gland growth and sebum production, deteriorating the epidermal barrier and healing, and decreasing immunity. The most common and well-known catamenial dermatosis is acne. Less well-known are autoimmune progesterone dermatitis and autoimmune estrogen dermatitis.