Atopic dermatitis is the subject of study by dermatovenerologists, pediatricians, allergists, immunologists and several other specialists. This is due to the multifaceted nature of the problem of treatment of this disease and the variety of its clinical manifestations. Despite the large arsenal of modern treatment methods, in cases of prolonged, persistent course of atopic dermatitis, the effect of the therapy may have no effect, and in these patients, the torpid course of the disease had to be ascertained. Such clinical cases require the search for new therapeutic options, in particular, the use of targeted biological drugs. This article provides basic information about atopic dermatitis, including statistical epidemiological data, the burden of disease, and an overview of genetic and immune factors that play a key role in its development and chronicity, as well as the criteria for diagnosis and aspects of a stepwise approach to therapy. In addition, the article considers an example of the successful use of the biological drug dupilumab, which is an inhibitor of the alpha subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4Rα; the general subunit of IL-4 and IL-13 receptors) in a patient with severe recurrent atopic dermatitis, who had lack of effectiveness of therapy with standard methods.