Pathogenetic therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD) and eczema is an urgent issue. It is believed that AD is an autoimmune disease. In particular, autoantibodies to skin tissue antigens were found. Contact eczema develops from contact dermatitis and differs from the latter in the clinical course features, namely tendency to spontaneous relapses, which is indicative of the formation of an autoimmune process, rather than in rash elements. Furthermore, eczema is characterized by autosensitization (eczematids). Objective — the study was aimed at evaluating the pathogenic targeting and efficacy of immunomodulation mesotherapy (IMMT) in patients with atopic dermatitis and eczema. Material and methods. The study included 212 patients, including 142 patients with AtD (43 teenagers 14—18 years old and 12 children over 8 years); 70 patients with eczema (contact eczema was diagnosed in 49 patients, seborrheic — 14, infectious — 7). Sex distribution was similar. All patients underwent clinical examination of the general condition and skin lesions. The patients were treated with IMMT. The suspension of a minidose (7 mg) of long-acting glucocorticoid betamethasone or 40 mg of triamcinolone was 5—10-fold diluted with saline and injected intradermally into the lesions (once or once per month or less to form an immunomodulator depot). Results. In all the patients, remission began within 2—3 days and continued for 3—4 weeks. In AtD patients, 3—4 IMMT procedures with an interval of 1—1.5 months were required to achieve stable (up to 1 year) and adequate remission in 55—82% of cases (p=0.05). In the case of contact eczema, full and long-term remission (1—3 years) was observed after two IMMT procedures in 67—89% of patients (p=0.05). Conclusion. Quite prolonged and sustained remissions were observed in patients with AtD and eczema after selective cutaneous immunomodulatory treatment in the form of monotherapy (single or pulse IMMT). This fact may indicate that an autoimmune process, which is observed in patients with AtD and eczema, is an organ-specific autoimmune disease of the skin (and mucous membranes in the case of AtD). Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and upper respiratory tract in AtD patients should be attributed to associated diseases. They are apparently triggered by reactive inflammation of the mucous membranes with underlying vascular vegetative neurosis with impaired microcirculation characteristic of AtD and associated with concomitant infection.