The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Volovchenko A.N.

Pervyĭ MGMU im. I.M. Sechenova, kafedra profilakticheskoĭ i neotlozhnoĭ kardiologii FPPOV, Moskva

Giliarov M.Yu.

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University under the Ministry of Health of the Russia, 119991, Moscow, Russia;
N.I. Pirogov Moscow Municipal Hospital №1, Moscow, 119049, Russia

Syrkin A.L.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Causes for elevated troponin level unrelated to acute coronary syndrome and heart failure

Authors:

Volovchenko A.N., Giliarov M.Yu., Syrkin A.L.

More about the authors

Read: 122484 times


To cite this article:

Volovchenko AN, Giliarov MYu, Syrkin AL. Causes for elevated troponin level unrelated to acute coronary syndrome and heart failure. Russian Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2012;5(3):18‑25. (In Russ.)

Recommended articles:
Features of differential diagnosis of onco­logical pathology at the outpatient stage. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2025;(2):93-95
5q spinal muscular atro­phy in adults. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(3):142-147
OCT patterns as a source of errors in the diagnosis of intraocular tumors. Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2025;(3):63-70
MR imaging of cyto­toxic lesion of the corpus callosum during pneumonia. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(8):140-144
Machine learning models for brain tumors differential diagnosis. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2025;(9):87-93
Acne conglobata and acne fulminans. Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Vene­reology. 2025;(5):666-674
Diaphragmatic rela­xation masquerading as COPD. Piro­gov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2025;(10-2):107-113
Tremorometry: Diagnostic capa­bilities and test technique. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(11):105-110

References:

  1. Thygesen K., Alpert J.S., White H.D. et al. Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Circulation 2007; 116: 2634-2653.
  2. Tang W.H.W., Francis G.S., Morrow D.A. et al. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine practice guidelines: clinical utilization of cardiac biomarker testing in heart failure. Circulation 2007; 116: e99-109.
  3. Apple F.S., Wu A.H.B., Jaffe A.S. European Society of Cardiology and American College of Cardiology guidelines for redefinition of myocardial infarction: how to use existing assays clinically and for clinical trials. Am Heart J 2002; 144: 981-986.
  4. Babuin L., Jaffe A.S. Troponin: the biomarker of choice for the detection of cardiac injury. CMAJ 2005; 173: 1191-1202.
  5. Rapezzi C., Longhi S., Graziosi M. et al. Risk factors for diagnostic delay in acute aortic dissection. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102: 1399-1406.
  6. Hansen M.S., Nogareda G.J., Hutchison S.J. Frequency of and inappropriate treatment of misdiagnosis of acute aortic dissection. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 852-856.
  7. Godon P., Bonnefoy E., Kircorian G. et al. Serum cardiac Troponin I Increase in Acute Type a Aortic Dissection: A New Independent Predictor of Mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35: Suppl A: 1091: 276.
  8. Ohlmann P., Faure A., Morel O. et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection. Crit Care Med 2006; 34: 1358-1364.
  9. Sandhu R., Aronow W.S., Rajdev A. et al. Relation of cardiac troponin I levels with in-hospital mortality in patients with ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102: 632-634.
  10. Jespersen C.M., Fischer Hansen J. Myocardial stress in patients with acute cerebrovascular events. Cardiology 2008; 110: 123-128.
  11. Jensen J.K., Atar D., Mickley H. Mechanism of troponin elevations in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 867-870.
  12. Apak I., Iltumur K., Tamam Y., Kaya N. Serum cardiac troponin T levels as an indicator of myocardial injury in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. Tohoku J Exp Med 2005; 205: 93-101.
  13. Ay H., Arsava E.M., Saribas O. Creatine kinase-MB elevation after stroke is not cardiac in origin: comparison with troponin T levels. Stroke 2002; 33: 286-289.
  14. Etgen T., Baum H., Sander K., Sander D. Cardiac troponins and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in acute ischemic stroke do not relate to clinical prognosis. Stroke 2005; 36: 270-275.
  15. Jensen J.K., Kristensen S.R., Bak S. et al. Frequency and significance of troponin T elevation in acute ischemic stroke. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 108-112.
  16. Hays A., Diringer M.N. Elevated troponin levels are associated with higher mortality following intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2006; 66: 1330-1334.
  17. Horowitz M., Willet D., Keffer J. The use of cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) to determine the incidence of myocardial ischemia and injury in patients with aneurysmal and presumed aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir 1998; 140: 87-93.
  18. Naidech A.M., Kreiter K.T., Janjua N. et al. Cardiac troponin elevation, cardiovascular morbidity, and outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Circulation 2005; 112: 2851-2856.
  19. Tanabe M., Crago E.A., Suffoletto M.S. et al. Relation of elevation in cardiac troponin I to clinical severity, cardiac dysfunction, and pulmonary congestion in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102: 1545-1550.
  20. Klein Gunnewiek J.M.T., van de Leur J.J.JP.M. Elevated troponin T concentrations in critically ill patients. Intens Care Med 2003; 29: 2317-2322.
  21. Lim W., Qushmaq I., Devereaux P.J. et al. Elevated cardiac troponin measurements in critically ill patients. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 2446-2454.
  22. Lim W., Cook D.J., Griffith L.E. et al. Elevated cardiac troponin levels in critically ill patients: prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Am J Crit Care 2006; 15: 280-288.
  23. Cook D.J., Griffith L.E., Walter S.D. et al. The attributable mortality and length of intensive care unit stay of clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2001; 5: 368-375.
  24. Iser D.M., Thompson A.J.V., Sia K.K. et al. Prospective study of cardiac troponin I release in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23: 938-942.
  25. Vasile V., Babuin L., Perez J. et al. Long-termprognostic significance of elevated cardiac troponin levels in critically ill patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Crit Care Med 2009; 37: 140-147.
  26. Wu I., Yu F., Chou J. et al. Predictive risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding with simultaneous myocardial injury. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2007; 23: 8-16.
  27. Purcell J.B., Patel M., Khera A. et al. Relation of troponin elevation to outcome in patients with infective endocarditis. Am J Cardiol 2008; 101: 1479-1481.
  28. Kahveci G., Bayrak F., Mutlu B. et al. Prognostic value of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with active infective endocarditis. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 1429-1433.
  29. Feldman A.M., McNamara D. Myocarditis. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1388-1398.
  30. Lauer B., Niederau C., Kuehl U. et al. Cardiac troponin T in patients with clinically suspected myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 1354-1359.
  31. Bonnefoy E., Godon P., Kirkorian G. et al. Serum cardiac troponin I and ST-segment elevation in patients with acute pericarditis. Eur Heart J 2000; 21: 832-836.
  32. Thanjan M.T., Ramaswamy P., Lai W.W., Lytrivi I.D. Acute myopericarditis after multiple vaccinations in an adolescent: case report and review of the literature. Pediatrics 2007; 119: e1400-e1403.
  33. Kline J.A., Hernandez-Nino J., Rose G.A. et al. Surrogate markers for adverse outcomes in normotensive patients with pulmonary embolism. Crit Care Med 2006; 34: 2773- 2780.
  34. Pruszczyk P., Bochowicz A., Torbicki A. et al. Cardiac troponin T monitoring identifies high-risk group of normotensive patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Chest 2003; 123: 1947-1952.
  35. Ilva T., Eskola M., Nikus K. et al. The etiology and prognostic significance of all-cause troponin i positivity in emergency department patients. J Emerg Med 2008.
  36. Giannitsis E., Mueller-Bardorff M., Kurowski V. et al. Independent prognostic value of cardiac troponinT inpatientswith confirmedpulmonary embolism. Circulation 2000; 102: 211-217.
  37. Ghanima W., Abdelnoor M., Holmen L.O. et al. The association between the proximal extension of the clot and the severity of pulmonary embolism (PE): a proposal for a new radiological score for PE. J Intern Med 2007; 261: 74-81.
  38. Tapson V.F. Acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1037-1052.
  39. Bajwa E.K., Boyce P.D., Januzzi J.L. et al. Biomarker evidence of myocardial cell injury is associated with mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 2484-2490.
  40. Snow R.L., Davies P., Pontoppidan H. et al. Pulmonary vascular remodeling in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982; 126: 887-892.
  41. Maeder M., Fehr T., Rickli H., Ammann P. Sepsis-associated myocardial dysfunction: diagnostic and prognostic impact of cardiac troponins and natriuretic peptides. Chest 2006; 129: 1349-1366.
  42. Fromm R.E. Cardiac troponins in the intensive care unit: common causes of increased levels and interpretation. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 584-588.
  43. ver Elst K.M., Spapen H.D., Nguyen D.N. et al. Cardiac troponins I and T are biological markers of left ventricular dysfunction in septic shock. Clin Chem 2000; 46: 650-657.
  44. Spies C., Haude V., Overbeck M. et al. Serum cardiac troponin T as a prognostic marker in early sepsis. Chest 1998; 113: 1055-1063.
  45. Mehta N.J., Khan I.A., Gupta V. et al. Cardiac troponin I predicts myocardial dysfunction and adverse outcome in septic shock. Int J Cardiol 2004; 95: 13-17.
  46. Prasad A., Lerman A., Rihal C.S. Apical ballooning syndrome (Tako-Tsubo or stress cardiomyopathy): a mimic of acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 2008; 155: 408-417.
  47. Gianni M., Dentali F., Grandi A.M. et al. Apical ballooning syndrome or takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. Eur Heart J 2006; 27: 1523.
  48. Kanaan U.B., Chiang V.W. Cardiac troponins in pediatrics. Pediatr Emerg Care 2004; 20: 323-329.
  49. Hawkins B.M., Abu-Fadel M., Vesely S.K., George J.N. Clinical cardiac involvement in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a systematic review. Transfusion 2008; 48: 382-392.
  50. Li S.F., Zapata J., Tillem E. The prevalence of false-positive cardiac troponin I in ED patients with rhabdomyolysis. Am J Emerg Med 2005; 23: 860-863.
  51. Zhu B., Oritani S., Quan L. et al. Two suicide fatalities from sodium cyanide ingestion: differences in blood biochemistry. Chudoku Kenkyu 2004; 17: 65-68.
  52. Brvar M., Ploj T., Kozelj G. et al. Case report: fatal poisoning with Colchicum autumnale. Crit Care 2004; 8: R56-59.
  53. Teksam O., Gumus P., Bayrakci B. et al. Acute cardiac effects of carbonmonoxide poisoning in children. Ann Emerg Med 2008; 51: 502.
  54. Yalamanchili C., Smith M.D. Acute hydrogen sulfide toxicity due to sewer gas exposure. Am J Emerg Med 2008; 26: 518.
  55. Bozbas H., Yildirir A., Muderrisoglu H. Cardiac enzymes, renal failureand renal transplantation. Clin Med Res 2006; 4: 79-84.
  56. Freda B.J., Tang W.H.W., Van Lente F. et al. Cardiac troponins in renal insufficiency: review and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 2065-2071.
  57. Antman E.M., Grudzien C., Mitchell R.N., Sacks D.B. Detection of unsuspected myocardial necrosis by rapid bedside assay for cardiac troponin T. Am Heart J 1997; 133: 596-598.
  58. Ooi D.S., Isotalo P.A., Veinot J.P. Correlation of antemortem serum creatine kinase, creatinekinase-MB, troponin I, and troponin T with cardiac pathology. Clin Chem 2000; 46: 338-344.
  59. Balamuthusamy S., Khosla S., Meka S. et al. Clinical utility of cardiac troponin I in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in patients with renal failure. Am J Ther 14: 356-360.
  60. Troyanov S., Ly Q.H., Schampaert E. et al. Diagnostic specificity and prognostic value of cardiac troponins in asymptomatic chronic haemodialysis patients: a three year prospective study. Heart 2005; 91: 1227-1228.
  61. Dispenzieri A., Kyle R.A., Gertz M.A. et al. Survival in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis and raised serum cardiac troponins. Lancet 2003; 361: 1787-1789.
  62. Cantwell R.V., Aviles R.J., Bjornsson J. et al. Cardiac amyloidosis presenting with elevations of cardiac troponin I and angina pectoris. Clin Cardiol 2002; 25: 33-37.
  63. Selvanayagam J.B., Hawkins P.N., Paul B. et al. Evaluation and management of the cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 2101-2110.
  64. Shah K.B., Inoue Y., Mehra M.R. Amyloidosis and the heart: a comprehensive review. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 1805-1813.
  65. Kristen A.V., Meyer F.J., Perz J.B. et al. Risk stratification in cardiac amyloidosis: novel approaches. Transplantation 2005; 80: 1: Suppl: S151-S155.
  66. Miller W.L., Wright R.S., McGregor C.G. et al. Troponin levels in patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy undergoing cardiac transplantation. Am J Cardiol 2001; 88: 813-815.
  67. Martorell E.A., Hong C., Rust D.W. et al. A 32-year-old woman with arthralgias and severe hypotension. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 59: 1670-1675.
  68. Yasutake H., Seino Y., Kashiwagi M. et al. Detection of cardiac sarcoidosis using cardiac markers and myocardial integrated backscatter. Int J Cardiol 2005; 102: 259-268.
  69. Ranque B., Authier F., Berezne A. et al. Systemic sclerosis-associated myopathy. Ann NY Acad Sci 2007; 1108: 268-282.
  70. Al-mashaleh M., Bak H., Moore J. et al. Resolution of sclerodermatous myocarditis after autologous stem cell transplantation. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65: 1247-1248.
  71. Badsha H., Gunes B., Grossman J., Brahn E. Troponin I assessment of cardiac involvement in patients with connective tissue disease and an elevated creatine kinase MB isoform: report of four cases and review of the literature. J Clin Rheumatol 1997; 3: 131-134.
  72. Carlson E.R., Percy R.F., Angiolillo D.J., Conetta D.A. Prognostic significance of troponin T elevation in patients without chest pain. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102: 668-671.
  73. Torbicki A., Kurzyna M. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: evaluation of the newly diagnosed patient. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 26: 372-378.
  74. Torbicki A., Kurzyna M., Kuca P. et al. Detectable serum cardiac troponin T as a marker of poor prognosis among patients with chronic precapillary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2003; 108: 844-848.
  75. Wallace T.W., Abdullah S.M., Drazner M.H. et al. Prevalence and determinants of troponin T elevation in the general population. Circulation 2006; 113: 1958-1965.
  76. Stoica S.C., Cafferty F., Pauriah M. et al. The cumulative effect of acute rejection on development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006; 25: 420-425.
  77. Schmauss D., Weis M. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: recent developments. Circulation 2008; 117: 2131-2141.
  78. Korff S., Katus H.A., Giannitsis E. Differential diagnosis of elevated troponins. Heart 2006; 92: 987-993.
  79. Vijay P., Scavo V.A., Morelock R.J. et al. Donor cardiac troponin T: a marker to predict heart transplant rejection. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66: 1934-1938.
  80. Balduini A., Campana C., Ceresa M. et al. Utility of biochemical markers in the follow-up of heart transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2003; 35: 3075-3078.
  81. Dengler T.J., Zimmermann R., Braun K. et al. Elevated serum concentrations of cardiac troponin T in acute allograft rejection after human heart transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 405-412.
  82. Hirsch R., Dent C.L., Wood M.K. et al. Patterns and potential value of cardiac troponin I elevations after pediatric cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 65: 1394-1399.
  83. Immer F.F., Stocker F., Seiler A.M. et al. Troponin-I for prediction of early postoperative course after pediatric cardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 1719-1723.
  84. Lubitz S.A., Fischer A., Fuster V. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. BMJ 2008; 336: 819-826.
  85. Hirose H., Kato K., Suzuki O. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of cardiac markers for myocardial damage after radiofrequency catheter ablation. J Int Card Electrophysiol 2006; 16: 169-174.
  86. Haegeli L.M., Kotschet E., Byrne J. et al. Cardiac injury after percutaneous catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Europace 2008; 10: 273-275.
  87. Madrid A.H., del Rey J.M., Rubi J. et al. Biochemical markers and cardiac troponin I release after radiofrequency catheter ablation: approach to size of necrosis. Am Heart J 1998; 136: 948-955.
  88. Lim E., Li Choy L., Flaks L. et al. Detected troponin elevation is associated with high early mortality after lung resection for cancer. J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 1: 37.
  89. Fisher L., Fisher A., Thomson A. Cardiopulmonary complications of ERCP in older patients. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 63: 948-955.
  90. Kosior D.A., Opolski G., Tadeusiak W. et al. Serumtroponin I and myoglobin after monophasic versus biphasic transthoracic shocks for cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2005; 28: Suppl 1: S128-132.
  91. Skulec R., Belohlavek J., Kovarnik T. et al. Serum cardiac markers response to biphasic and monophasic electrical cardioversion for supraventricular tachyarrhythmia-a randomised study. Resuscitation 2006; 70: 423-431.
  92. Pai V.B., Nahata M.C. Cardiotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents: incidence, treatment and prevention. Drug Saf 2000; 22: 263-302.
  93. Sandri M.T., Cardinale D., Zorzino L. et al. Minor increases in plasma troponin I predict decreased left ventricular ejection fraction after high-dose chemotherapy. Clin Chem 2003; 49: 248-252.
  94. Missov E., Cazolari C., Pau B. Increased Levels of Cardiac Troponin I in Cancer patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997: Suppl N: 1015.
  95. Dolci A., Dominici R., Cardinale D. et al. Biochemical markers for prediction of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity: systematic review of the literature and recommendations for use. Am J Clin Pathol 2008; 130: 688-695.
  96. Sybrandy K.C., Cramer M.J.M., Burgersdijk C. Diagnosing cardiac contusion: old wisdom and new insights. Heart 2003; 89: 485-489.
  97. Schultz J.M., Trunkey D.D. Blunt cardiac injury. Crit Care Clin 2004; 20: 57-70.
  98. Elie M. Blunt cardiac injury. Mt Sinai J Med 2006; 73: 542-552.
  99. Scharhag J., George K., Shave R. et al. Exercise-associated increases in cardiac biomarkers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; cardiac biomarkers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40: 1408-1415.
  100. Urhausen A., Scharhag J., Herrmann M., Kindermann W. Clinical significance of increased cardiac troponins T and I in participants of ultraendurance events. Am J Cardiol 2004; 94: 696-698.
  101. Neilan T.G., Januzzi J.L., Lee-Lewandrowski E. et al. Myocardial injury and ventricular dysfunction related to training levels among nonelite participants in the Boston Marathon. Circulation 2006; 114: 2325-2333.
  102. Gunnewiek J.M.T.K., Van Der Hoeven J.G. Cardiac troponin elevations among critically ill patients. Curr Opin Crit Care 2004; 10: 342-346.
  103. Lim W., Holinski P., Devereaux P.J. et al. Detecting myocardial infarction in critical illness using screening troponin measurements and ECG recordings. Crit Care 2008; 12: R36.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.