Objective — to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of chronic venous diseases (CVD) among rural residents of Tajikistan. Material and methods. Survey enrolled 1482 rural residents in two regions of the Republic of Tajikistan. The study was carried out in rural district hospitals and central district hospital. Residents visited physicians due to various diseases or for preventive examination. Results. There were 1257 women and 225 men. Mean age was 36.8±8.6 years. Body mass index ranged from 23.4 to 41.8 kg/m2. Reticular varicose veins and telangiectasia were the most common and accounted 30.1% of the overall sample and 58.6% of patients with different forms of CVD. Varicose vein disease was the second common lesion (n=271, 18.3% of the total sample and 35.6% of patients with CVD). Post-thrombotic disease was detected in 0.8% of cases (1.6% of patients with CVD). C1, C2 and C3 classes were observed in 85.6% of cases, C5, C6 classes — in 23 (3.1%) patients. Venous dysplasia was identified in 2 cases. Hereditary predisposition was the most significant predictor of CVD 456 (59.9%) patients with CVD, 27.7% of the overall sample). Pregnancy and number of births (two or more) was the second important factor of CVD (433 out of 644 women). Another important predictor of CVD was heavy physical work (n=416, 54.7% of patients with CVD). The same factor was also common in general population (n=775, 52.3%). Conclusion. Over 50% of rural residents suffer from various forms of CVD. These are women as a rule. Predominant risk factors of CVD are family history, pregnancy, two or more births and heavy physical labor.