The methods for the prevention of pulmonary embolism, indications and contraindications for the implantation of an anti-embolic cava filter in the patients presenting with iliofemoral phlebothrombosis are discussed. The study included 75 patients who were interviewed using the SF and CIVIQ questionnaire to estimate the quality of life within a follow up period up to 3 years after the implantation (cross-sectional analysis). The control group was comprised of 45 practically healthy subjects. The patients filled in the questionnaires by themselves. The analysis of the data thus obtained has demonstrated a significant decrease of the quality of life characteristics in the patients with implanted cava filters compared with the healthy subjects. The parabolic tendency was revealed when the patients were compared in terms different time periods after the implantation. Based on the results of the two questionnaires, their quality of life characteristics were the worst within the first year after the placement of the filter, they improved after two years, and deteriorated again during the third year.