The objective of the present study was to estimate the possibility of using the serological method for the determination of pepsinogen-1 (PG-1), gastrin-17 (G-17), and anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG as a screening technique for the detection of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer (GC). The study included 441 patients at the age from 17 to 79 years presenting with the symptoms of dyspepsia. The concentrations of PG-1, G-17, and H. pylori IgG in the sera were determined by IEA. All the patients were examined by means of chromoendoscopy with a 115-fold image amplification and MBI-endoscopy. Gastric biopsy specimens were evaluated with the use of the OLGA-2008 visual-analog scale. Lowering of PG-1 secretion in comparison with that in the patients suffering from non-atrophic and atrophic gastritis was especially well apparent in the patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). In contrast, the production of G-17 in the patients with EGC was higher than in the patients presenting with non-atrophic and atrophic gastritis. The patients with early gastric cancer were not significantly different from those with multi-focal atrophic gastritis in terms of serological characteristics (P-1 and G-17 levels). The results of the study demonstrate the possibility of using P-1 and G-17 levels as the markers of atrophic changes in gastric mucosa and for the estimation of the risk of development of gastric cancer in the large-scale population-based studies.