The article presents in detail the history of the discovery of the trigeminal ganglion in the context to name it Gasserian ganglion. The historical, formal and logical methods of research, along with system analysis were used in the work. An in-depth research of little-known literature sources, which included scientific, publicistic and fiction components, was conducted. The authors for the first time translated into Russian the IV Chapter of Antonius Hirsch’s dissertation «Paris quinti nervorum encephali disquisition anatomica». This researcher presented the anatomical views of the leading scientists of the time, and their own data on the mechanical properties, features of the topography and preparation of the trigeminal ganglion. The analysis of the literature allowed clearly following the chronology of the discovery of Gasserian ganglion, highlighting the most significant facts of the biography of scientists and recreating the history of anatomy in this area.