In 2023, we marked the 130th anniversary of the founding of the Alexandrovskaya Model Surgical Hospital at the Tavrichesky Provincial Zemstvo Hospital in Simferopol. This institution was once home to some of the most distinguished surgeons of their era. However, today, the names of these pioneers have undeservedly faded into the shadows of history. Among them, Alexander Fedorovich Kablukov revolutionized surgery in the Tavrichesky region and ushered in a new era in the development of this medical field in Crimea. Alexander Fedorovich Kablukov is recognized in medical literature primarily for his groundbreaking work in cholecystectomy, marking him as the first Russian surgeon to thoroughly document this procedure. However, his contributions extend beyond this landmark achievement. His innovative work in gastrointestinal surgery, particularly his execution of Marwedel’s operation—the first of its kind in Russian surgical history—is less commonly known but no less significant. This article, drawing on archival materials and pre-revolutionary literary sources, provides a detailed account of these surgical procedures and unveils lesser-known aspects of Kablukov’s remarkable biography.