Objective — to analyze clinical characteristics of syringomyelia based on the data of the Bashkir Disease Cluster. Material and methods. Authors present the results of examination of 712 patients from the population of Bashkortostan. Disease duration varied in the wide range. In most of the patients, first symptoms usually occurred between 10 and 30 years old. Results and conclusion. Clinical symptoms included sensory and motor disorders, trophic changes of the skin, joint and bone deformations. A mixed form with lesion localization in the cervical-thoracic region of the spine and slowly progressive course was most frequent.