
Клинико-морфологическая характеристика и прогностическое значение иммунного микроокружения и уровня экспрессии PD-L1 при плоскоклеточном раке языка и ротоглотки
Резюме
Плоскоклеточный рак языка и ротоглотки характеризуется выраженной клинико-биологической гетерогенностью, что обусловливает необходимость поиска надежных прогностических и предиктивных биомаркеров. Проведен анализ современных данных о значении экспрессии PD-L1 и характеристик иммунного микроокружения при данных локализациях опухоли. Показано, что PD-L1 играет важную роль в механизмах иммунного уклонения опухоли, однако его прогностическая значимость остается неоднозначной и зависит от ВПЧ-статуса, особенностей иммунного микроокружения и используемых методик оценки. Более устойчивую связь с клиническими исходами демонстрируют показатели иммунной инфильтрации, включая высокую плотность CD8+ T-лимфоцитов, выраженность опухоль-инфильтрирующих лимфоцитов и благоприятное соотношение эффекторных и регуляторных иммунных клеток. Совокупная оценка PD-L1, иммунного микроокружения и ВПЧ-статуса может способствовать более точной стратификации пациентов и персонализации лечения. Вместе с тем для внедрения данных маркеров в клиническую практику необходимы стандартизация методов их оценки и разработка интегрированных прогностических моделей.
Ключевые слова
- плоскоклеточный рак языка
- плоскоклеточный рак ротоглотки
- PD-L1
- иммунное микроокружение опухоли
- опухоль-инфильтрирующие лимфоциты
- CD8+ T-лимфоциты
- вирус папилломы человека
- прогноз
- иммунотерапия
Дата поступления: 27.01.2026
Дата принятия в печать: 24.06.2026
Дата публикации: 16.10.2026
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