Objective. To identify the most frequently affected cognitive functions and to study the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761). Material and methods. We examined 120 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. To assess cognitive dysfunction, we used MMSE, MoCa test, TMT (Part A and B). Results and Conclusion. Cognitive impairment characterized by a decrease in attention, short-term memory, speed of thinking was identified in 85% of patients; 83% of them had a mild cognitive impairment. The study showed that the standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) used in dose 240 mg per day during one month had a positive effect on cognitive function.