In this review, we have analyzed the association between chronobiological disorders and depressive symptoms, and outlined new antidepressant therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring normal functioning of the circadian system. It is specifically noted that the drug valdoxan, an agonist of melatonin receptors and selective antagonist of serotoninergic 5-HT2C receptors has chronobiotic, antidepressive and anxiolytic action. In its antidepressive effect, valdoxan is comparable to venlafaxine, fluoxetine and sertraline. Recurrences of depression is noted in fewer patients (23,9 %) treated with valdoxan compared to placebo (50,0 %). The drug improves sleep quality as well. As the drug does not cause the increase in serotonin levels, it has considerably less side-effects of the gastrointestinal tract, sexual sphere, or metabolic processes, characteristic of many other antidepressants.