To study the spatial organization of oligodendrocytes and pyramidal neurons in the frontal limbic cortex of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, the authors used a method of two-dimensional automated analysis of images. The decrease in the minimal distance between the oligodendrocyte and the nearest neuron by 20% and in the mean and maximal distances between neurons and the nearest oligodendrocytes by 10% and 9%, respectively, was found in the layer III in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, this method allows to characterize the spatial organization of neurons and glia in the brain cortex not only in the normal brain but also in mental pathology.