The role of brain developmental abnormalities in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia

Khoetsian A.G.; Boiadzhian A.S.

doi:https://doi.org/

Close metadata

Recommended articles:

The association of NOS1AP gene polymorphisms with the duration of the QT interval in patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic therapy. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(1):98-104

PANSS six-factor model. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(2):28-34

Clinical and immunological relationships in patients with early schizophrenia. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(2):35-42

Clinical and psychopathological features of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(2):43-50

Analysis of cognitive status in patients with different nosologies and clinical variants of very late manifesting schizophreniform psychosis. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(4-2):88-93

Modern concepts of sleep disturbances associated with mental disorders. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(6):7-12

Association of cortisol levels with psychopathological features of depression and therapeutic response in female patients. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(6):45-54

Factors supporting chronic inflammation in mental illness. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(8):7-15

Age transformation of leading clinical diagnoses in adolescents and young people with non-suicidal self-harm. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(10-2):48-56

Constitutional and morphological bases of suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(11):52-56

Abstract:

Keywords:

schizophrenia

neurodevelopmental theory

aberrant apoptosis

Authors:

Khoetsian A.G.

Institut molekuliarnoĭ biologii Natsionalnoĭ akademii nauk Respubliki Armeniia, Erevan

Boiadzhian A.S.

Institut molekuliarnoĭ biologii Natsional'noĭ akademii nauk Respubliki Armeniia (NAN RA), Erevan;
Rossiĭsko-Armianskiĭ (Slavianskiĭ) gosudarstvennyĭ universitet, Erevan

Close metadata

References:

Akbarian S., Kim J.J., Potkin S.G. et al. Maldistribution of interstitial neurons in prefrontal white matter of the brains of schizophrenic patients. Arch General Psychiat 1996; 53: 425-436.
Arnold S.E., Talbot K., Hahn C.G. Neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, and new genes for schizophrenia. Prog Brain Res 2005; 147: 319-345.
Beasley C., Cotter D., Khan N. et al. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta immunoreactivity is reduced in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2001; 302: 117-120.
Benson M.A., Newey S.E., Martin-Rendon E. et al. Dysbindin, a novel coiled-coil-containing protein that interacts with the dystrobrevins in muscle and brain. J Biol Chem 2001; 276: 24232-24241.
Berger G.E., Wood S., McGorry P.D. Incipient neurovulnerability and neuroprotection in early psychosis. Psychopharmacol Bull 2003; 37: 79-101.
Blackwood D.H., Fordyce A., Walker M.T. et al. Schizophrenia and affective disorders - cosegregation with a translocation at chromosome 1q42 that directly disrupts brain-expressed genes: clinical and P300 findings in a family. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 69: 428-433.
Boatright K.M., Salvesen G.S. Mechanisms of caspase activation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2003; 15: 725-731.
Bredesen D.E. Neural apoptosis. Ann Neurol 1995; 38: 839-851.
Brown A.S., Begg M.D., Gravenstein S. et al. Serologic evidence of prenatal influenza in the etiology of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiat 2004; 61: 774-780.
Brzustowicz L.M., Hodgkinson K.A., Chow E.C. et al. Location of a major susceptibility locus for familial schizophrenia on chromosome 1q21-q22. Science 2000; 288: 678-82.
Buka S.L., Tsuang M.T., Torrey E.F. et al. Maternal infections and subsequent psychosis among offspring. Arch Gen Psychiat 2001; 58: 1032-1037.
Cannon M., Jones P. Schizophrenia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1996; 60: 604-613.
Cannon M., Jones P.B., Murray R.M. Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: historical and meta-analytic review. Am J Psychiat 2002; 159: 1080-1092.
Catts V.S., Catts S.V. Apoptosis and schizophrenia: is the tumour suppressor gene, p53, a candidate susceptibility gene? Schizophr Res 2000; 41: 405-415.
Catts V.S., Catts S.V., McGrath J.J. et al. Apoptosis and schizophrenia: A pilot study based on dermal fibroblast cell lines. Schizophr Res 2006; 84: 20-28.
Chana G., Landau S., Beasley C. et al. Two-dimensional assessment of cytoarchitecture in the anterior cingulate cortex in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia: evidence for decreased neuronal somal size and increased neuronal density. Biol Psychiat 2003; 53: 1086-1098.
Coyle J.T. The GABA-glutamate connection in schizophrenia: which is the proximate cause? Bioch Pharmacol 2004; 68: 1507-1514.
Davidson M., Reichenberg A., Rabinowitz J. et al. Behavioral and intellectual markers for schizophrenia in apparently healthy male adolescents. Am J Psychiat 1999; 156: 1328-1335.
Di Forti M., Lappin J.M., Murray R.M. Risk factors for schizophrenia -All roads lead to dopamine. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2007; 17: S101-S107.
Done D.J., Crow T.J., Johnstone E.C., Sacker A. Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: social adjustment at ages 7 and 11. Br Med J 1994; 309: 699-703.
Eagles J.M. Are poliviruses a cause of schizophrenia? Br J Psychiat 1992; 160: 598–600.
Eastwood S.L., Law A.J., Everall I.P., Harrison P.J. The axonal chemorepellant semaphorin 3A is increased in the cerebellum in schizophrenia and may contribute to its synaptic pathology. Mol Psychiat 2003; 8: 148-155.
Ebert T., Kotler M. Prenatal exposure to influenza and the risk of subsequent development of schizophrenia. IMAJ 2005; 7: 35-38.
Egan M.F., Goldberg T.E., Kolachana B.S. et al. Effect of COMT Val108/158 Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 6917-6922.
Fish B., Marcus J., Hans S.L. et al. Infants at risk for schizophrenia: sequelae of a genetic neurointe-grative defect. A review and replication analysis of pandysmaturation in the Jerusalem Infant Development Study. Arch Gen Psychiat 1992; 49: 221-235.
Friedlander R.M. Apoptosis and caspases in neurodegenerative diseases. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1365-1375.
Geddes J.R., Lawrie S.M. Obstetric complications and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Br J Psychiat 1995; 167: 786-793.
Gilmore J.H., Jarskog L.F. Exposure to infection and brain development: cytokines in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1997; 24: 365-367.
Glantz L.A., Gilmore J.H., Lieberman J.A., Jarskog L.F. Apoptotic mechanisms and the synaptic pathology of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2006; 81: 47-63.
Harrison P.J., Weinberger D.R. Schizophrenia genes, gene expression, and neuropathology: on the matter of their convergence. Mol Psychiat 2005; 10: 40-68.
Hodgkinson C.A., Goldman D., Jaeger J. et al. Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1): association with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75: 862-872.
Hultman C.M., Ohman A., Cnattingius S. et al. Prenatal and neonatal risk factors for schizophrenia. Br J Psychiat 1997; 170: 128-133.
Innocenti G.M., Ansermet F., Parnas J. Schizophrenia, neurodevelopment and corpus callosum. Mol Psychiat 2003; 8: 261-274.
Jarskog L.F., Glantz L.A., Gilmore J.H., Lieberman J.A. Apoptotic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 2005; 29: 846-858.
Jarskog L.F., Selinger E.S., Lieberman J.A., Gilmore J.H. Apoptotic proteins in the temporal cortex in schizophrenia: high Bax/Bcl-2 ratio without caspase-3 activation. Am J Psychiat 2004; 161: 1: 109-115.
Konradi C., Heckers S. Molecular aspects of glutamate dysregulation: implications for schizophrenia and its treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2003; 97: 153-179.
Kozlovsky N., Belmaker R.H., Agam G. GSK-3 and the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2002; 12: 13-25.
Lang U.E., Puls I., Muller D.J. et al. Molecular Mechanisms of Schizophrenia. Cell Physiol Biochem 2007; 20: 687-702.
Lewis D.A., Gonzalez-Burgos G. Pathophysiologically based treatment interventions in schizophrenia. Nat Med 2006; 12: 1016-1022.
Lewis D.A., Levitt P. Schizophrenia as a disorder of neurodevelopment. Annu Rev Neurosci 2002; 25: 409-432.
Li D., Collier D.A., He L. Meta-analysis shows strong positive association of the neuregulin 1 (NRG1) gene with schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15: 1995-2002.
Mackie S., Millar J.K., Porteous D.J. Role of DISC1 in neural development and schizophrenia. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2007; 17: 95-102.
McNeil T.F., Cantor-Graae E., Ismail B. Obstetric complications and congenital malformation in schizophrenia. Brain Res Rev 2000; 31: 166-78.
Mednick S.A., Machon R.A., Huttunen M.O., Bonett D. Adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to an influenza epidemic. Arch Gen Psychiat 1988; 45: 189-192.
Möller N., Schwarz M.J. Schizophrenia as an inflammation-mediated dysbalanse of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Neurotoxicity Res 2006; 10: 2: 131-148.
Murray R.M., OCallaghan E., Castle D.J., Lewis S.W. A neurodevelopmental approach to the classification of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1992; 18: 319-332.
Olin S.S., Mednick S.A. Risk factors of psychosis: identifying vulnerable populations premorbidly. Schizophr Bull 1996; 22: 223-240.
Pearce B.D. Schizophrenia and viral infection during neurodevelopment: a focus on mechanisms. Mol Psychiat 2001; 6: 634-646.
Pulver A.E. Search for schizophrenia susceptibility genes. Biol Psychiat 2000; 47: 221-230.
Rantakallio P., Jones P., Moring J., Von Wendt L. Association between central nervous system infections during childhood and adult onset schizophrenia and other psychoses: a 28-year follow-up. Int J Epidemiol 1997; 26: 837-843.
Rapoport J.L., Addington A.M., Frangou S., Ppsych M.C. The neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiat 2005; 10: 434-444.
Rothermundt M., Arolt V., Bayer T.A. Review of immunological and immunophatological findings in schizophrenia. Brain Behav Immun 2001; 15: 4: 319-339.
Schwab S.G., Knapp M., Mondabon S. et al. Support for association of schizophrenia with genetic variation in the 6p22.3 gene, dysbindin, in sib-pair families with linkage and in an additional sample of triad families. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 72: 185-190.
Stefansson H., Thorgeirsson T.E., Gulcher J.R., Stefansson K. Neuregulin 1 in schizophrenia: out of Iceland. Mol Psychiat 2002; 8: 639-640.
Strous R.D., Shoenfeld Y. Revisiting old ghosts: Prenatal viral exposure and schizophrenia. IMAJ 2005; 7: 43-35.
Strous R.D., Shoenfeld Y. Schizophrenia, autoimmunity and immune system dysregulation: A comprehensive model updated and revisited. J Autoimmun 2006; 27: 71-80.
Talbot K., Arnold S.E. The parahippocampal region in schizophrenia. In: The Parahippocampal region, organization and role in cognitive functions. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2002; 295-318.
Terenius L. Schizophrenia: pathophysiological mechanisms - a synthesis. Brain Res Rev 2000; 31: 401-404.
Thompson C.B. Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease. Science 1995; 267: 1456-1462.
Waterworth D.M., Basset A.S., Brzustowitctz L.M. Recent advances in the genetics of schizophrenia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2002; 59: 331-348.
Weinberger D.R. Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiat 1987; 44: 660-669.
Wong A.C., Van Tol H.M. Schizophrenia: from phenomenology to neurobiology. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Rev 2003; 27: 269-306.
Yolken R.H., Karlsson H., Yee F. et al. Endogenous retroviruses and schizophrenia. Brain Res Rev 2000; 31: 193-199.
Yolken R.H., Torrey E.F. Viruses, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Clin Microbiol Rev 1995; 8: 131-145.