The results of the comparative study of the prevalence and risk factors of epilepsy in adults in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation revealed that the consequences of perinatal pathology was the main risk factor in young patients while the consequences of brain injury or cerebrovascular disease predicted epilepsy in middle age and elderly people, respectively. These data may be used for prediction of course of epilepsy provided that long-term and careful studies on the dynamics of abovementioned indicators will be carried out.