The results of clinical-neurological, neuropsychological and instrumental (ultrasound examination of the major head arteries) studies were compared in 108 patients with chronic brain ischemia depending on a history of stroke. The predominance of focal and cognitive deficits was found in post stroke patients while the frequency of psychoemotional disorders (anxiety-depressive and asthenic) was higher in patients without a history of stroke. Ultrasound signs of atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries (lower parameters of blood flow velocity, higher frequency of lowered blood flow and mild atherosclerotic plaques) were more pronounced in patients after stroke.