Background. Alveolitis and localized osteomyelitis of the jawbones still remain the most common conditions among the post-operative complications associated with tooth extraction. Aims: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and clinical effectiveness of ozone therapy and radiation of various wavelengths emitted by the light-emitting diodes (LED) applied for the treatment of alveolitis and localized osteomyelitis of the jawbone with a view to improving the effectiveness of the treatment and shortening the duration of the rehabilitation period. Materials and methods. A total of 100 patients presenting with alveolitis and localized osteomyelitis of the jawbones at the age varying from 18 to 65 years have been examined and treated. All the patients were divided into four equal groups. The first group (1) was comprised of the patients who were treated with the combination of the measures which included the course of ozone therapy and LED-emitted red light radiation (630 nm); the patients of the second group (2) were treated using ozone therapy in the combination with LED-emitted green light radiation (530 nm); in the third group (3), ozone therapy in the combination with LED-emitted (470 nm) blue light radiation was used. The patients of the fourth group (4) were managed without the application of the physiotherapeutic factors. To study the effects of ozone therapy and LED-emitted radiation of different wavelengths on the microflora of the extracted tooth socket, the bacteriological analysis was carried out three times — before the treatment, within three and five days after its initiation. Results. The present study has demonstrated that the combination of ozone therapy with LED-emitted (630 nm) red light radiation provides the most efficient tool for the treatment of alveolitis whereas ozone therapy in the combination with LED-emitted (470 nm) blue light radiation should be preferred for the treatment of localized osteomyelitis of the jawbone. Conclusions. The results of this study are of primary importance as giving evidence of the significant reduction in the duration of the rehabilitation period in the patients presenting with alveolitis and localized osteomyelitis of the jawbones.