Objective. to comparatively analyze the efficacy of tractocile (atosiban) for threatened and incipient preterm labor. Subjects and methods. Retrospective examinations were made in 22 patients with premature pregnancy at 23-32 weeks, who were diagnosed with threatened or incipient preterm labor. In Group 1, atosiban was infused in 12 patients with clinical manifestations of threatened preterm labor in accordance with the conventional procedure; in Group 2, this drug was infused in 10 patients with symptoms of incipient preterm labor. Results. In Group 1, nine patients with threatened preterm labor could prolong their pregnancy to full-term; premature birth occurred in 3 patients. In Group 2, pregnancy could be prolonged by an average of 48 hours. Fetal respiratory distress syndrome was prevented in all the pregnant women. Conclusion. The use of tractocile contributes to pregnancy prolongation, which is most important when there is a need for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome and for the appropriate level of patient transportation to the hospital. The efficacy of tractocile depends on the time of tocolysis.