To evaluate the degree of preeclampsia and the efficiency of treatment in pregnant women with this condition, by determining a set of markers reflecting gestational endothelial dysfunction, vascular insufficiency, and placental tissue ischemia, the investigators examined 80 patients with preeclampsia (a study group), including 65 and 15 pregnant women with moderate and severe preeclampsia, respectively, and 20 patients with physiological pregnancy (a control group). Solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to study the serum concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) before and during therapy and after delivery. It was established that the control group showed no significant differences in the concentrations of TNF-α, VCAM, ICAM, VEGF, and NSE in different periods of pregnancy. As preeclampsia developed and progressed, there was a significant reduction in the content of VEGF and an increase in the levels of VCAM, ICAM, NSE, and TNF-α as compared to the same indicators in the control group. During therapy for moderate preeclampsia, there were generally positive functional changes in the vascular endothelium (a significant fall in the levels of TNF-α, VCAM, and NSE, a less significant drop in the concentration of ICAM, and a rise in that of VEGF); however, the concentration of the examined markers remained abnormal and significantly exceeded the same indicators in the control group. Therapy for severe preeclampsia proved to be ineffective. Examination of the markers after delivery indicated that the signs of endothelial dysfunction were retained in the study group patients, particularly in those with severe preeclampsia.